On December 1, 1955, a 42-year-old seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama, was ordered by the bus driver to give up her seat on a city bus to a white person.  Rosa Parks quietly declined to comply.  The events that ensued would lead eventually to her being called the "first lady of civil rights" and the "mother of the freedom movement."  Rosa Parks did not know then, and it may be that she never knew it, but her act of heroism fell on the tenth anniversary of the death of Clara Williams Franklin, who as a 19-year-old barber's daughter in Denison, Texas, had stood up to the railroad conductor more than 80 years before her.